Treatments under investigation

A number of other treatment options have been -or are currently being - evaluated for BPH.

Thermal treatments

These procedures may alleviate symptoms by damaging nerves within the prostate, which may cause smooth muscle relaxation similar to that which occurs with alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs. In general, this damage is accomplished by raising temperatures within the gland to above 113' Fahrenheit. Various methods-microwaves, ultrasound, and radio frequencies-are used to heat the prostate via devices placed in the rectum or urethra. Several treatment sessions may be necessary, and most men-will need additional treatment for BPH symptoms within five years after their initial thermal treatment. Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) of the prostate uses low-energy radio waves, delivered by tiny needles at the tip of a catheter, to heat prostatic tissue. A six-month study of 12 men with BPH (age 56 to 76) found the treatment reduced AUA Symptom Index scores by 61%, and produced minor side effects (including mild pain or difficulty urinating for 1 to 7 days in all the men). Retrograde ejaculation occurred in one patient. Another thermal treatment, transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT), is a minimally invasive alternative to surgery for patients with bladder outflow obstruction caused by BPH. Performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia, TUMT damages prostatic tissue by microwave energy (heat) that is emitted from a urethral catheter